jenkins
2018年06月03日 19:44:55 阅读数：359
一，部署git（编译安装方式）
安装依赖包：
[root tmp]# yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker -ygit官网下载最新版本GIT： 软件：git-2.9.5.tar.gz 安装git: 解压并cd到解压目录 # make prefix=/usr/local/git all # make prefix=/usr/local/git install 修改环境变量： [root bin]# vim /etc/bashrc PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/git/bin [root bin]# source /etc/bashrc 测试是否安装成功： [root ~]# git --version git version 2.9.5二，jdk环境部署
下载软件：
jdk-8u151-linux-x64.tar.gz 注意：不能用jdk9和jdk10解压安装： [root /]# tar xvzf jdk-8u151-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@jenkins /]# cd /usr/local/ [root@jenkins local]# mv jdk1.8.0_151 jdk修改环境变量： #vim /etc/bashrc 追加以下配置 JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin # source /etc/bashrc三，部署maven
下载和解压Maven: 官方下载地址： apache-maven-3.5.3-bin.tar.gz [root@server 1802]# tar xvzf apache-maven-3.5.3-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@server 1802]# mv /usr/local/apache-maven-3.5.3/ /usr/local/maven修改环境变量： [root@server 1802]# vim /etc/bashrc export M2_HOME=/usr/local/maven export M2=$M2_HOME/bin PATH=$M2:$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/git/bin export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk export PATH [root@server 1802]# source /etc/bashrc测试maven是否安装成功： [root@server 1802]# mvn -version Apache Maven 3.5.3 (3383c37e1f9e9b3bc3df5050c29c8aff9f295297; 2018-02-25T03:49:05+08:00) Maven home: /usr/local/maven Java version: 9.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation Java home: /usr/local/jdk Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8 OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"四，部署tomcat
安装Jdk8.0 注意：是8版本的JDK
官网下载tomcat： apache-tomcat-9.0.1.tar.gz 解压部署： [root@server 1802]# tar xvzf apache-tomcat-9.0.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@server 1802]# mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.1/ /usr/local/tomcat定义Tomcat所需环境变量: # vim /etc/profile //定义Tomcat环境变量 CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat //Tomcat安装目录 export CATALINA_HOME # source /etc/profile 启动tomcat： #/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 关闭tomcat: #/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh配置tomcat的角色和用户（暂时用不到）: 在tomcat目录conf文件夹下tomcat-users.xml <role rolename="manager-gui"/> <role rolename="admin"/> <role rolename="manager"/> <role rolename="manager-script"/> <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,admin,manager,manager-script"/>五，部署Jenkins
官网下载jenkins:
软件名称： jenkins.war 部署jenkins.war到tomcat下： [root@server 1802]# cp jenkins.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ 启动tomcat: 注意启动tomcat会自动解压webapps下的war包 [root@server webapps]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started.登陆jenkins: 浏览器：
添入以下文件密码到上图页面中：点击continue [root@server jenkins]# cat /root/.jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword 568436617d584c2b96f19e3de8012d47选择suggested的插件进行下载：如图
接下来进入到这个.等待安装结束:
因为网速原因，插件可能下载失败，没关系，把他们记录下来，比如下图的两个插件，点击继续，进去之后手动重新安装未安装好的插件
告一段落。
-------------------- --------------------插件安装 我们配置的是 git + maven 方式的 自动化部署 所以git和maven的相关插件是必须的 还有一个ssh用于机器间的文件传送3个必须的插件： GIT plugin (可能已经默认安装了) Publish Over SSH (远程Shell) 安装插件Deploy to container： 作用： 支持自动化将代码部署到tomcat容器 安装过程： 系统管理-->插件管理-->可选插件-->过滤Deploy to container-->勾选，点击下边的按钮：直接安装，这个可能时间较久，等待即可。
安装完之后，如果勾选了：安装完成后重启jenkins 那么会重启jenkins。
安装插件：Maven Integration 作用： jenkins 利用maven编译，打包，所需插件 安装过程：同第一个插件安装git相关插件，安装过程同第一个插件：
检查已安装好的插件GIT plugin，如果没有进行安装，和上边的步骤一样安装插件：Publish Over SSH，和上边的步骤一样 --------------------检查错误配置： 左侧：点击“系统管理” 1.如果有“编码问题”错误，在Tomcat–>conf–>server.xml文件中修改即可 2.如果有”反向代理设置有误“错误，不管他 --------------------Jenkins系统设置 注意：这里没有强调的都设置为默认即可 插件已经基本准备好了,下面还要再做一些基础配置要配置的有： jdk maven 和git 系统管理->Global Tool Configuration,配置jdk,git,maven的根目录
配置JDK根目录：注意不能是JDK9.0，切忌
配置git命令绝对路径：注意这里不是git安装目录，git也可以rpm安装，不能低于1.7版本
配置maven根目录：
配置ssh相关的配置:
配置publish over ssh: Passphrase：密码（key的密码，如果你设置了） Path to key：key文件（私钥）的路径(下面的key和这个2选1) Key：将私钥复制到这个框中 Disable exec：禁止运行命令这里的私钥是jenkins服务上root账户的私钥，需要事先先把公钥传给下面设置的被远程ssh的server 在jenkins上，我这里实际操作的是一台远程机器名字git1,地址155，只是作为例子 [root@server .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i 10.0.0.155 [root@server .ssh]# ssh 10.0.0.155 Last login: Wed May 23 01:04:32 2018 from 10.0.0.154 [root@git1 ~]# 
注意：不要纠结我下面图片中的IP地址
创建一个maven任务: 这里使用公有仓库:公有仓库可以不用配置credentials, 注:私有仓库的使用见--“1个完整创建任务过程” 下图填写的是一个应用的github地址：
在Build中的Goals and options添加：clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
这里的文件夹和脚本要事先创建好:我现在这一步实验是给远程的git1(地址10.0.0.155)远程操作脚本，用脚本实现war包部署，没写完整脚本，这里只是例子 在git1上创建/jenkins/war和/jenkins/sh/deploy.sh脚本 最后那个是执行的脚本
这是一个简单脚本,你需要改成相应的操作就行了. 关闭tomcat, 备份,清理,自动解压,启动tomcat。我这里只是演示能将war包传递过来,并且移动重命名了
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去git1上查看结果： [root@server .ssh]# ssh 10.0.0.155 Last login: Wed May 23 01:06:14 2018 from 10.0.0.154 [root@git1 ~]# cd /jenkins/ [root@git1 jenkins]# ls easy-springmvc-maven.war sh war
六，私有仓库源码管理
如果是私有仓库：地址要这样写
报错：如果是私有库，必须添加一个Credentials（详情见子目录-credentials） Failed to connect to repository : Command "/usr/local/git/bin/git -c core.askpass=true ls-remote -h HEAD" returned status code 128: stdout: stderr: fatal: Unable to find remote helper for 'http' 或者 Failed to connect to repository : Command "git ls-remote -h git@xxxxx.com:xxx/dev_test.git HEAD" returned status code 128: stdout: stderr: Permission denied, please tryagain. Permission denied, please try again. Permission denied(publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password). fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly原因：没有配置git的ssh key。 解决方法：执行下面的命令，生成key ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "admin@example.com"然后将~/.ssh/目录下的id_rsa.pub中的公钥，放到git的ssh key中。再在Jenkins中创建新的Credentials。类型是SSH Username with private key。Username使用ssh-keygen中用到的邮箱，Private Key中选择“From the Jenkins master ~/.ssh”即可。修改后，问题解决。 一个完整创建任务过程
本节意在演示私有仓库的应用
1.创建本地裸库 2.根据官方文档，从官方git下载一个hello world测试应用 官方地址： 另外一个demo也可以用：这里可以先下载下来 [root@server srv]# git clone 正克隆到 'easy-springmvc-maven'... remote: Counting objects: 45, done. remote: Total 45 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 45 展开对象中: 100% (45/45), 完成. 检查连接... 完成。 [root@server /]# cd srv/ [root@server srv]# ls sample.git [root@server srv]# git clone https://github.com/jenkins-docs/simple-java-maven-app.git 正克隆到 'simple-java-maven-app'... remote: Counting objects: 88, done. remote: Total 88 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 88 展开对象中: 100% (88/88), 完成. 检查连接... 完成。 [root@server srv]# ls sample.git simple-java-maven-app [root@server srv]# cd simple-java-maven-app/ [root@server simple-java-maven-app]# ls jenkins pom.xml README.md src 注：本节中没有的都是默认设置 左边点击“新建任务”： 1.
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下面这张图只为作说明：
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5.最后保存后点击左边的“立即构建”：经过5分钟左右的构建过程(构建日志见子目录--一个完整的构建日志)成功 6.
构建开始截图：
...中间会有n多输出... 构建结束截图：
一个完整的构建日志
控制台输出
由用户 unknown or anonymous 启动
构建中 在工作空间 /root/.jenkins/workspace/simple-java-maven-app1 中 Cloning the remote Git repository Cloning repository git@127.0.0.1:/srv/simple-java-maven-app > /usr/local/git/bin/git init /root/.jenkins/workspace/simple-java-maven-app1 # timeout=10 Fetching upstream changes from git@127.0.0.1:/srv/simple-java-maven-app > /usr/local/git/bin/git --version # timeout=10 using GIT_SSH to set credentials > /usr/local/git/bin/git fetch --tags --progress git@127.0.0.1:/srv/simple-java-maven-app +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* > /usr/local/git/bin/git config remote.origin.url git@127.0.0.1:/srv/simple-java-maven-app # timeout=10 > /usr/local/git/bin/git config --add remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* # timeout=10 > /usr/local/git/bin/git config remote.origin.url git@127.0.0.1:/srv/simple-java-maven-app # timeout=10 Fetching upstream changes from git@127.0.0.1:/srv/simple-java-maven-app using GIT_SSH to set credentials > /usr/local/git/bin/git fetch --tags --progress git@127.0.0.1:/srv/simple-java-maven-app +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* > /usr/local/git/bin/git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master^{commit} # timeout=10 > /usr/local/git/bin/git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/origin/master^{commit} # timeout=10 Checking out Revision 40f518f8ccad33cee30516308a31b4a6e501d844 (refs/remotes/origin/master) > /usr/local/git/bin/git config core.sparsecheckout # timeout=10 > /usr/local/git/bin/git checkout -f 40f518f8ccad33cee30516308a31b4a6e501d844 Commit message: "Add initial Jenkinsfile" First time build. Skipping changelog. Parsing POMs Discovered a new module com.mycompany.app:my-app my-app Modules changed, recalculating dependency graph Established TCP socket on 40008 [simple-java-maven-app1] $ /usr/local/jdk/bin/java -cp /root/.jenkins/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven35-agent-1.12-alpha-1.jar:/usr/local/maven/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.5.2.jar:/usr/local/maven/conf/logging jenkins.maven3.agent.Maven35Main /usr/local/maven /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/jenkins/WEB-INF/lib/remoting-3.20.jar /root/.jenkins/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven35-interceptor-1.12-alpha-1.jar /root/.jenkins/plugins/maven-plugin/WEB-INF/lib/maven3-interceptor-commons-1.12-alpha-1.jar 40008 <===[JENKINS REMOTING CAPACITY]===>channel started Executing Maven: -B -f /root/.jenkins/workspace/simple-java-maven-app1/pom.xml clean package [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ----------------------< com.mycompany.app:my-app >---------------------- [INFO] Building my-app 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (3.9 kB at 1.8 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (13 kB at 18 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (26 kB at 38 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (15 kB at 25 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (25 kB at 41 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (8.1 kB at 14 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (9.2 kB at 8.2 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (30 kB at 50 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: [INFO] Downloaded from central: (15 kB at 38 kB/s) [INFO] Downloading from central: 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[JENKINS] Archiving /root/.jenkins/workspace/simple-java-maven-app1/target/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to com.mycompany.app/my-app/1.0-SNAPSHOT/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar channel stopped Finished: SUCCESS七，credentials
步骤1：
在 jenkins 中使用 git 插件从仓库中 pull 代码的时候会要求 jenkins 必须有 pull 权限（尤其是当git开启了ssh认证的时候），在配置 jenkins job 的时候有以下这些方法配置 ssh key: 登陆 jenkins ，切换到 jenkins 用户(wing直接使用的root账户)，生成 ssh key，然后把 公钥添加到 git 服务器上. #su - jenkins //切换到 jenkins HOME 目录 #ssh-keygen -t rsa // 生成 ssh key, 复制 xxx.pub 公钥到 git 服务器上即可. 步骤2：在jenkins界面，依次点击： Credentials -> System -> Add domain： Domain Name: 填写你git服务器的地址，如 github.xxx.com（wing填写的IP地址，127.0.0.1） Description: 随便写一点描述，如 This is the Credential for github 如图所示：
点击 ok 后，再点击 “adding some credentials?” 进入页面后，可以选择 Username with password 或者 SSH Username with private key, 根据你的情况选择，这里我们选择 Username with private key： Username: 随便起一个名字，以便在创建 Job 的时候使用该 Credential Private Key：可以指定文件，也可以使用默认的 ~/.ssh，当然也可以直接将私钥复制粘贴到此处。 Passphrase: 如果你在创建 ssh key 的时候输入了 Passphrase 那就填写相应的Passphrase，为空就不填写 ID: 空 Description： 空 如图：
点击 ok 后 Credential 就创建好了。 如果你再新建 Job 就可以看到我们的 Credential 选项了：
八，重新安装jenkins
重新初始化jenkins环境：
只需要删除安装jenkins用户的主目录（~）下的（.jenkins）文件夹，然后重启，就可以重新配置jenkins #rm -rf /root/.jenkins九，排错
问题1：jenkins访问一直处于等待状态
tomcat日志显示如下信息： [root@jenkins logs]# tail -f /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out WARNING [Handling GET /jenkins/login from 10.0.0.174 : http-nio-8080-exec-3 HudsonIsLoading/index.jelly] org.apache.catalina.webresources.Cache.getResource Unable to add the resource at [/WEB-INF/classes/lib/layout/breadcrumbs.jelly] to the cache for web application [/jenkins] because there was insufficient free space available after evicting expired cache entries - consider increasing the maximum size of the cache解决方案： 只要在$CATALINA_BASE/conf/context.xml里增加资源最大可缓存的大小就行了，大小可按自己的需要定义 # vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml <Context> <!-- Default set of monitored resources. If one of these changes, the --> <!-- web application will be reloaded. --> <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource> <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</WatchedResource> <WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource><Resources cachingAllowed="true" cacheMaxSize="100000" /> </Context>最后重起tomcat，问题解决！ 问题2：剩余内存必须大于2G tomcat启动之前的内存：
tomcat启动之后的内存：
解决：点击地址栏左边的后退按钮即可进入正常页面 接着上面的错误，返回之后虽然进入正常界面，但是会有如下提示：
手动安装这些插件
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